Stacking tutorial

Faucet has two primary modes of operation: independent switching and distributed switching.

In independent mode each decision about the network (learning, routing, etc) is made in the context of each individual switch.

This tutorial will cover Faucet’s distributed switching (a.k.a stacking) mode. Stacking allows decisions such as switching and routing to be made in the context of the whole network. This has great benefits for building resilient network topologies that can automatically recover from switch and port/cable failures. In this tutorial we will cover some of the new features and demonstrate how they work.

Prerequisites

  • Knowledge of the VLAN and routing tutorial topics (VLAN tutorial, Routing tutorial)

  • Install Faucet - Package installation steps 1 & 2

  • Install Open vSwitch - Connect your first datapath steps 1 & 2

  • Useful Bash Functions - Copy and paste the following definitions into your bash terminal, or to make them persistent between sessions add them to the bottom of your .bashrc and run ‘source .bashrc’.

    # Create network namespace
    create_ns () {
        NAME=$1
        IP=$2
        NETNS=faucet-${NAME}
        sudo ip netns add ${NETNS}
        sudo ip link add dev veth-${NAME} type veth peer name veth0 netns ${NETNS}
        sudo ip link set dev veth-${NAME} up
        as_ns ${NAME} ip link set dev lo up
        [ -n "${IP}" ] && as_ns ${NAME} ip addr add dev veth0 ${IP}
        as_ns ${NAME} ip link set dev veth0 up
    }
    
    # Run command inside network namespace
    as_ns () {
        NAME=$1
        NETNS=faucet-${NAME}
        shift
        sudo ip netns exec ${NETNS} $@
    }
    
    # Add inter-switch link between two switches
    inter_switch_link () {
        SW_A_NAME=$(echo $1 | cut -d ':' -f 1)
        SW_A_PORT=$(echo $1 | cut -d ':' -f 2)
        SW_B_NAME=$(echo $2 | cut -d ':' -f 1)
        SW_B_PORT=$(echo $2 | cut -d ':' -f 2)
        VETH_A=l-${SW_A_NAME}_${SW_A_PORT}-${SW_B_NAME}_${SW_B_PORT}
        VETH_B=l-${SW_B_NAME}_${SW_B_PORT}-${SW_A_NAME}_${SW_A_PORT}
        VETH_A=${VETH_A:0:15}
        VETH_B=${VETH_B:0:15}
        sudo ip link add dev ${VETH_A} type veth peer name ${VETH_B}
        sudo ip link set dev ${VETH_A} up
        sudo ip link set dev ${VETH_B} up
        sudo ovs-vsctl add-port ${SW_A_NAME} ${VETH_A} \
          -- set interface ${VETH_A} ofport_request=${SW_A_PORT}
        sudo ovs-vsctl add-port ${SW_B_NAME} ${VETH_B} \
          -- set interface ${VETH_B} ofport_request=${SW_B_PORT}
    }
    
    # Clean up namespaces, bridges and processes created during faucet tutorial
    cleanup () {
        for NETNS in $(sudo ip netns list | grep "faucet-" | awk '{print $1}'); do
            [ -n "${NETNS}" ] || continue
            NAME=${NETNS#faucet-}
            if [ -f "/run/dhclient-${NAME}.pid" ]; then
                # Stop dhclient
                sudo pkill -F "/run/dhclient-${NAME}.pid"
            fi
            if [ -f "/run/iperf3-${NAME}.pid" ]; then
                # Stop iperf3
                sudo pkill -F "/run/iperf3-${NAME}.pid"
            fi
            if [ -f "/run/bird-${NAME}.pid" ]; then
                # Stop bird
                sudo pkill -F "/run/bird-${NAME}.pid"
            fi
            # Remove netns and veth pair
            sudo ip link delete veth-${NAME}
            sudo ip netns delete ${NETNS}
        done
        for isl in $(ip -o link show | awk -F': ' '{print $2}' | grep -oE "^l-br[0-9](_[0-9]*)?-br[0-9](_[0-9]*)?"); do
            # Delete inter-switch links
            sudo ip link delete dev $isl 2>/dev/null || true
        done
        for DNSMASQ in /run/dnsmasq-vlan*.pid; do
            [ -e "${DNSMASQ}" ] || continue
            # Stop dnsmasq
            sudo pkill -F "${DNSMASQ}"
        done
        # Remove faucet dataplane connection
        sudo ip link delete veth-faucet 2>/dev/null || true
        # Remove openvswitch bridges
        sudo ovs-vsctl --if-exists del-br br0
        sudo ovs-vsctl --if-exists del-br br1
        sudo ovs-vsctl --if-exists del-br br2
        sudo ovs-vsctl --if-exists del-br br3
    }
    
  • Run the cleanup script to remove old namespaces and switches:

    cleanup
    

Basic stacking

We can start by considering two switches with one host on each switch on the same VLAN.

stacking diagram

Let’s define a simple base faucet.yaml to get started:

/etc/faucet/faucet.yaml
vlans:
    hosts:
        vid: 100
dps:
    br0:
        dp_id: 0x1
        hardware: "Open vSwitch"
        interfaces:
            1:
                description: "host1 network namespace"
                native_vlan: hosts
    br1:
        dp_id: 0x2
        hardware: "Open vSwitch"
        interfaces:
            1:
                description: "host2 network namespace"
                native_vlan: hosts

Now lets signal faucet to reload the configuration file.

sudo systemctl reload faucet

We need to create our two hosts, host1 and host2.

create_ns host1 10.0.1.1/24
create_ns host2 10.0.1.2/24

To setup multiple switches in Open vSwitch we can define two bridges with different datapath-ids and names. We’ll be using br0 and br1.

sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br0 \
-- set bridge br0 other-config:datapath-id=0000000000000001 \
-- set bridge br0 other-config:disable-in-band=true \
-- set bridge br0 fail_mode=secure \
-- add-port br0 veth-host1 -- set interface veth-host1 ofport_request=1 \
-- set-controller br0 tcp:127.0.0.1:6653 tcp:127.0.0.1:6654

sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br1 \
-- set bridge br1 other-config:datapath-id=0000000000000002 \
-- set bridge br1 other-config:disable-in-band=true \
-- set bridge br1 fail_mode=secure \
-- add-port br1 veth-host2 -- set interface veth-host2 ofport_request=1 \
-- set-controller br1 tcp:127.0.0.1:6653 tcp:127.0.0.1:6654

Since the switches are not connected it will be impossible to ping between the two hosts.

as_ns host1 ping 10.0.1.2

To connect the switches we can use the Faucet switch stacking feature. First, we need to define a root switch for our stack by setting a stack priority value for br0, the datapath with the lowest priority will be root. Second, we need to add stack interfaces connecting each datapath, we do this by defining the stack parameter on an interface. When defining a stack interface we say which datapath (dp) and port the other end of the cable is connected to.

Replace your base faucet.yaml from earlier with this version with stacking enabled:

/etc/faucet/faucet.yaml
vlans:
    hosts:
        vid: 100
dps:
    br0:
        dp_id: 0x1
        hardware: "Open vSwitch"
        stack:
            priority: 1
        interfaces:
            1:
                description: "host1 network namespace"
                native_vlan: hosts
            2:
                description: "br0 stack link to br1"
                stack:
                    dp: br1
                    port: 2
    br1:
        dp_id: 0x2
        hardware: "Open vSwitch"
        interfaces:
            1:
                description: "host2 network namespace"
                native_vlan: hosts
            2:
                description: "br1 stack link to br0"
                stack:
                   dp: br0
                   port: 2

To connect two Open vSwitch bridges we can use a veth interface pair. We will use the inter_switch_link function we defined earlier to connect br0 port 2 to br1 port 2:

inter_switch_link br0:2 br1:2

Let’s reload Faucet and see what happens.

sudo systemctl reload faucet

Faucet will start sending out LLDP beacons to connect up the stack ports. We can see this happening in the log file when the switches report that port 2 (the stack port) is UP.

/var/log/faucet/faucet.log
DPID 2 (0x2) br1 LLDP on 0e:00:00:00:00:01, Port 2 from 0e:00:00:00:00:01 (remote DPID 1 (0x1), port 2) state 2
DPID 2 (0x2) br1 Stack Port 2 INIT
DPID 1 (0x1) br0 LLDP on 0e:00:00:00:00:01, Port 2 from 0e:00:00:00:00:01 (remote DPID 2 (0x2), port 2) state 2
DPID 1 (0x1) br0 Stack Port 2 INIT
DPID 2 (0x2) br1 LLDP on 0e:00:00:00:00:01, Port 2 from 0e:00:00:00:00:01 (remote DPID 1 (0x1), port 2) state 1
DPID 2 (0x2) br1 Stack Port 2 UP
DPID 2 (0x2) br1 1 stack ports changed state
DPID 1 (0x1) br0 LLDP on 0e:00:00:00:00:01, Port 2 from 0e:00:00:00:00:01 (remote DPID 2 (0x2), port 2) state 1
DPID 1 (0x1) br0 Stack Port 2 UP
DPID 1 (0x1) br0 1 stack ports changed state
DPID 2 (0x2) br1 LLDP on 0e:00:00:00:00:01, Port 2 from 0e:00:00:00:00:01 (remote DPID 1 (0x1), port 2) state 3
DPID 1 (0x1) br0 LLDP on 0e:00:00:00:00:01, Port 2 from 0e:00:00:00:00:01 (remote DPID 2 (0x2), port 2) state 3

Note

If we were to accidentally cable our switches incorrectly faucet would report the incorrect cabling in the log file.

Now that the two switches are connected and our stack is up, we can ping between the two hosts.

as_ns host1 ping 10.0.1.2

Inter-VLAN routing with stacking

For this task we will see that inter-VLAN routing can work between hosts on different switches.

Stacking with inter-VLAN routing diagram

First run the cleanup.

cleanup

We can accomplish inter-VLAN routing between different switches by using the stacking feature. To do this we will be combining the methods from the Basic stacking and the Routing between VLANs tutorials. However, we need to set drop_spoofed_faucet_mac to false on each DP. Doing this will prevent a packet that has been routed and come from a stack port from being dropped.

Here is a full faucet.yaml you can copy and paste that sets up our stack topology and enables all the features we need.

/etc/faucet/faucet.yaml
vlans:
    hosts:
        vid: 100
        faucet_vips: ["10.0.1.254/24"]
        faucet_mac: "00:00:00:00:00:11"
    servers:
        vid: 200
        faucet_vips: ["10.0.2.254/24"]
        faucet_mac: "00:00:00:00:00:22"
routers:
    router-1:
        vlans: [hosts, servers]
dps:
    br0:
        dp_id: 0x1
        hardware: "Open vSwitch"
        stack:
            priority: 1
        drop_spoofed_faucet_mac: False
        interfaces:
            1:
                description: "host1 network namespace"
                native_vlan: hosts
            2:
                description: "br0 stack link to br1"
                stack:
                    dp: br1
                    port: 2
            3:
                description: "server1 network namespace"
                native_vlan: servers

    br1:
        dp_id: 0x2
        hardware: "Open vSwitch"
        drop_spoofed_faucet_mac: False
        interfaces:
            1:
                description: "host2 network namespace"
                native_vlan: hosts
            2:
                description: "br1 stack link to br0"
                stack:
                   dp: br0
                   port: 2
            3:
                description: "server2 network namespace"
                native_vlan: servers

Reload faucet to enable inter-VLAN routing.

sudo systemctl reload faucet

As we have learnt previously. First, set up the hosts:

create_ns host1 10.0.1.1/24
create_ns host2 10.0.1.2/24
create_ns server1 10.0.2.1/24
create_ns server2 10.0.2.2/24

Now we can set-up the default routes for each host.

as_ns host1 ip route add default via 10.0.1.254
as_ns host2 ip route add default via 10.0.1.254
as_ns server1 ip route add default via 10.0.2.254
as_ns server2 ip route add default via 10.0.2.254

Next, we can create the bridges.

sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br0 \
-- set bridge br0 other-config:datapath-id=0000000000000001 \
-- set bridge br0 other-config:disable-in-band=true \
-- set bridge br0 fail_mode=secure \
-- add-port br0 veth-host1 -- set interface veth-host1 ofport_request=1 \
-- add-port br0 veth-server1 -- set interface veth-server1 ofport_request=3 \
-- set-controller br0 tcp:127.0.0.1:6653 tcp:127.0.0.1:6654

sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br1 \
-- set bridge br1 other-config:datapath-id=0000000000000002 \
-- set bridge br1 other-config:disable-in-band=true \
-- set bridge br1 fail_mode=secure \
-- add-port br1 veth-host2 -- set interface veth-host2 ofport_request=1 \
-- add-port br1 veth-server2 -- set interface veth-server2 ofport_request=3 \
-- set-controller br1 tcp:127.0.0.1:6653 tcp:127.0.0.1:6654

And finally, we can create the inter-switch links to connect the bridges to each other.

inter_switch_link br0:2 br1:2

Now it should be possible to ping between any combination of hosts on any VLAN after the LLDP has configured the stack ports as UP. For example host1 can ping to server1 on the same switch as well as server2 on the other switch via the use of the stack link.

as_ns host1 ping 10.0.2.1
as_ns host1 ping 10.0.2.2

Tunneling over a stack

Faucet has a feature that allows us to tunnel packets from one datapath to another without having to think about the underlying network topology. In this example we have three switches and two hosts. We will create a tunnel that runs over top of this topology connecting host1 and host2 together.

tunneling over a stack diagram

First run the cleanup.

cleanup

Now let’s define our faucet.yaml that will make this network work. The configuration file below defines our faucet stack topology and ports for our host1 and host2. An important thing to note is that we define our two hosts on separate VLANs so they should not be able to communicate.

The other thing to notice is the two ACLs we define, tunnel-to-host1 and tunnel-to-host2. At the moment these ACLs match all traffic (though we could easily add a match here to only tunnel a subset of traffic, see ACL tutorial for more details). Each tunnel sets the destination datapath and port for traffic matching the ACL, we currently support one type of tunnel, VLAN, and must reserve a tunnel VLAN here using the tunnel_id parameter (in future we could support different types of tunnels).

The two ACLs are then applied to the ports host1 and host2 are connected to.

/etc/faucet/faucet.yaml
acls:
   tunnel-to-host1:
       - rule:
           actions:
               output:
                   tunnel:
                       type: 'vlan'
                       tunnel_id: 901
                       dp: br0
                       port: 1
   tunnel-to-host2:
       - rule:
           actions:
               output:
                   tunnel:
                       type: 'vlan'
                       tunnel_id: 902
                       dp: br2
                       port: 1
vlans:
    host1:
       vid: 101
    host2:
       vid: 102
dps:
    br0:
        dp_id: 0x1
        hardware: "Open vSwitch"
        stack:
            priority: 1
        interfaces:
            1:
                description: "host1 network namespace"
                native_vlan: host1
                acl_in: tunnel-to-host2
            2:
                description: "br0 stack link to br1"
                stack:
                    dp: br1
                    port: 1
    br1:
        dp_id: 0x2
        hardware: "Open vSwitch"
        interfaces:
            1:
                description: "br1 stack link to br0"
                stack:
                   dp: br0
                   port: 2
            2:
                description: "br1 stack link to br2"
                stack:
                    dp: br2
                    port: 2
    br2:
        dp_id: 0x3
        hardware: "Open vSwitch"
        interfaces:
            1:
                description: "host2 network namespace"
                native_vlan: host2
                acl_in: tunnel-to-host1
            2:
                description: "br2 stack link to br1"
                stack:
                    dp: br1
                    port: 2

When we have updated our configuration to match above, signal to faucet to reload the configuration file.

sudo systemctl reload faucet

Then we can set up the hosts:

create_ns host1 10.0.1.1/24
create_ns host2 10.0.1.2/24

Next, we can create the bridges.

sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br0 \
-- set bridge br0 other-config:datapath-id=0000000000000001 \
-- set bridge br0 other-config:disable-in-band=true \
-- set bridge br0 fail_mode=secure \
-- add-port br0 veth-host1 -- set interface veth-host1 ofport_request=1 \
-- set-controller br0 tcp:127.0.0.1:6653 tcp:127.0.0.1:6654

sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br1 \
-- set bridge br1 other-config:datapath-id=0000000000000002 \
-- set bridge br1 other-config:disable-in-band=true \
-- set bridge br1 fail_mode=secure \
-- set-controller br1 tcp:127.0.0.1:6653 tcp:127.0.0.1:6654

sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br2 \
-- set bridge br2 other-config:datapath-id=0000000000000003 \
-- set bridge br2 other-config:disable-in-band=true \
-- set bridge br2 fail_mode=secure \
-- add-port br2 veth-host2 -- set interface veth-host2 ofport_request=1 \
-- set-controller br2 tcp:127.0.0.1:6653 tcp:127.0.0.1:6654

We also need to define inter-switch links that connect br0 and b1 as well as br1 and br2.

inter_switch_link br0:2 br1:1
inter_switch_link br1:2 br2:2

We should now be able to ping between host1 and host2 despite them being on different VLANs and datapaths because of the tunnel.

as_ns host1 ping 10.0.1.2

The reason the hosts can now communicate is that faucet is using the stack topology to find a path between the two hosts and automatically stitching up a tunnel. If we had a more complicated topology with multiple valid paths between the hosts, faucet will pick one and if the topology changes faucet will ensure the tunnel still goes over a valid path.

If we were to disable the ACLs on the port we would notice the hosts would no longer be able to ping.

Multi-root stack

The previous exercise introduced the ability to survive cable failures, but you might have noticed in each exercise so far we have defined only a single root switch. If we were to lose this root switch the network would no longer function.

In this exercise we will introduce multi-root stacked networks which give us the ability to tolerate switch failures.

This example topology will allow us to survive any single cable failure or either of br0 or br1 failing.

stack network diagram with multiple roots

Before we begin, let’s do another cleanup.

cleanup

Our faucet.yaml will look familiar here, except for one difference, we now have two switches defined as stack priority 1. This signals to faucet that it has two equal priority root candidates it can use when selecting a root for the network.

/etc/faucet/faucet.yaml
vlans:
    hosts:
        vid: 100
dps:
    br0:
        dp_id: 0x1
        hardware: "Open vSwitch"
        stack:
            priority: 1
        interfaces:
            1:
                description: "br0 stack link to br2"
                stack:
                    dp: br2
                    port: 2
            2:
                description: "br0 stack link to br3"
                stack:
                    dp: br3
                    port: 3
            3:
                description: "dummy port (workaround for github issue #3383)"
                native_vlan: hosts
    br1:
        dp_id: 0x2
        hardware: "Open vSwitch"
        stack:
            priority: 1
        interfaces:
            1:
                description: "br1 stack link to br3"
                stack:
                   dp: br3
                   port: 2
            2:
                description: "br1 stack link to br2"
                stack:
                    dp: br2
                    port: 3
            3:
                description: "dummy port (workaround for github issue #3383)"
                native_vlan: hosts
    br2:
        dp_id: 0x3
        hardware: "Open vSwitch"
        interfaces:
            1:
                description: "host1 network namespace"
                native_vlan: hosts
            2:
                description: "br2 stack link to br0"
                stack:
                   dp: br0
                   port: 1
            3:
                description: "br2 stack link to br1"
                stack:
                    dp: br1
                    port: 2
    br3:
        dp_id: 0x4
        hardware: "Open vSwitch"
        interfaces:
            1:
                description: "host2 network namespace"
                native_vlan: hosts
            2:
                description: "br3 stack link to br1"
                stack:
                   dp: br1
                   port: 1
            3:
                description: "br3 stack link to br0"
                stack:
                    dp: br0
                    port: 2

When we have this new faucet.yaml loaded we will do a full restart this time instead of reloading to force a root election.

sudo systemctl restart faucet

We will create some hosts to let us test the failure scenarios of this topology.

create_ns host1 10.0.1.1/24
create_ns host2 10.0.1.2/24

We also need to define our four switches.

sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br0 \
-- set bridge br0 other-config:datapath-id=0000000000000001 \
-- set bridge br0 other-config:disable-in-band=true \
-- set bridge br0 fail_mode=secure \
-- set-controller br0 tcp:127.0.0.1:6653 tcp:127.0.0.1:6654

sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br1 \
-- set bridge br1 other-config:datapath-id=0000000000000002 \
-- set bridge br1 other-config:disable-in-band=true \
-- set bridge br1 fail_mode=secure \
-- set-controller br1 tcp:127.0.0.1:6653 tcp:127.0.0.1:6654

sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br2 \
-- set bridge br2 other-config:datapath-id=0000000000000003 \
-- set bridge br2 other-config:disable-in-band=true \
-- set bridge br2 fail_mode=secure \
-- add-port br2 veth-host1 -- set interface veth-host1 ofport_request=1 \
-- set-controller br2 tcp:127.0.0.1:6653 tcp:127.0.0.1:6654

sudo ovs-vsctl add-br br3 \
-- set bridge br3 other-config:datapath-id=0000000000000004 \
-- set bridge br3 other-config:disable-in-band=true \
-- set bridge br3 fail_mode=secure \
-- add-port br3 veth-host2 -- set interface veth-host2 ofport_request=1 \
-- set-controller br3 tcp:127.0.0.1:6653 tcp:127.0.0.1:6654

We need to fully mesh br0, br1, br2 and br3 to match our topology diagram above.

# Inter-switch links for br0
inter_switch_link br0:1 br2:2
inter_switch_link br0:2 br3:3

# Inter-switch links for br1
inter_switch_link br1:1 br3:2
inter_switch_link br1:2 br2:3

When everything is setup we should be able to ping between host1 and host2.

as_ns host1 ping 10.0.1.2

Now let’s inspect the log file to find out which switch is currently our root.

$ grep -ai "stack root changed" /var/log/faucet/faucet.log | tail -n 1
Oct 08 04:19:24 faucet INFO     stack root changed from None to br0

Since br0 is the switch which is currently root, let’s delete it to simulate a switch failure.

sudo ovs-vsctl del-br br0

If we look into the log file we should see faucet detects the switch is down and br1 takes over as the new root.

/var/log/faucet/faucet.yaml
Oct 08 04:22:52 faucet.valve WARNING  DPID 1 (0x1) br0 datapath down
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 1 (0x1) br0 LLDP for Port 1 inactive after 17s
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 1 (0x1) br0 LLDP for Port 2 inactive after 17s
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve ERROR    DPID 1 (0x1) br0 Stack Port 1 DOWN, too many (3) packets lost, last received 17s ago
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 2 (0x2) br1 shortest path to root is via {Port 1}
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 4 (0x4) br3 shortest path to root is via {Port 3}
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 3 (0x3) br2 shortest path to root is via {Port 2}
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve ERROR    DPID 1 (0x1) br0 Stack Port 2 DOWN, too many (3) packets lost, last received 17s ago
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 2 (0x2) br1 shortest path to root is via {Port 1}
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 4 (0x4) br3 shortest path to root is via {Port 2}
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 3 (0x3) br2 shortest path to root is via {Port 3}
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 1 (0x1) br0 2 stack ports changed state
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 3 (0x3) br2 LLDP for Port 2 inactive after 17s
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve ERROR    DPID 3 (0x3) br2 Stack Port 2 DOWN, too many (3) packets lost, last received 17s ago
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 2 (0x2) br1 shortest path to root is via {Port 1}
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 4 (0x4) br3 shortest path to root is via {Port 2}
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 3 (0x3) br2 shortest path to root is via {Port 3}
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 3 (0x3) br2 1 stack ports changed state
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 4 (0x4) br3 LLDP for Port 3 inactive after 17s
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve ERROR    DPID 4 (0x4) br3 Stack Port 3 DOWN, too many (3) packets lost, last received 17s ago
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 2 (0x2) br1 shortest path to root is via {Port 1}
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 4 (0x4) br3 shortest path to root is via {Port 2}
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 3 (0x3) br2 shortest path to root is via {Port 3}
Oct 08 04:23:03 faucet.valve INFO     DPID 4 (0x4) br3 1 stack ports changed state
Oct 08 04:23:15 faucet INFO     stack root changed from br0 to br1
Oct 08 04:23:15 faucet INFO     root now br1 (all candidates ('br0', 'br1'), healthy ['br1'])

We should also still be able to ping between host1 and host2 after the stack has recalculated.

as_ns host1 ping 10.0.1.2